Matica slovenská was created in Martin as a key institution for Slovak national and cultural advancement. Its establishment was driven by a group of intellectuals who were concerned about the preservation and promotion of Slovak identity at a time when such efforts were crucial for national awareness. The founding was part of a larger movement throughout Central Europe, where various ethnicities sought to assert their identities amid the rise of nationalism and the pressures of larger empires, particularly the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 19th century.

The institution served multiple functions: it was a repository for Slovak literature, a site for cultural events, and a platform for scholarly research. It aimed to gather and publish works in the Slovak language and support education in various domains. Matica slovenská also played a vital role in shaping Slovak literature and was instrumental in promoting the works of important Slovak writers. The first president of Matica slovenská was Ján Palárik, who was actively involved in the institution's early activities, establishing its significance in the cultural landscape of Slovakia.

Through the years, Matica slovenská became a beacon of Slovak national consciousness. It organized numerous events, lectures, and publications that reinforced Slovak culture and encouraged civic engagement. Despite facing restrictions during different political regimes, it managed to maintain its relevance, adapting to the changing social and political climates throughout the centuries. Today, Matica slovenská is regarded not only as an essential cultural institution but also as a symbol of Slovak national identity and heritage.