In 1984, the Republic of Upper Volta underwent a significant transformation when it changed its name to Burkina Faso. This shift was initiated by President Thomas Sankara, who assumed leadership after a coup in 1983. Sankara sought to infuse a sense of nationalism and cultural pride into the nation's identity, which paralleled his sweeping reform agenda aimed at improving the lives of the Burkinabé people. The new name, Burkina Faso, translates to 'Land of Upright People' in the local Mossi language, symbolizing a collective aspiration for integrity, dignity, and social justice among its citizens.

The renaming ceremony in Ouagadougou drew attention both nationally and internationally, featuring speeches that emphasized themes of self-reliance, anti-colonialism, and economic independence. Sankara's government introduced policies that promoted education, health care, and women's rights, all reflecting his vision for a new and progressive state. Changing the country’s name was a deliberate move breaking from the colonial past and aimed to foster a sense of unity among diverse ethnic groups.

This event marked the beginning of a period of radical change in the country, as the Sankara regime implemented socialist principles and rallied for grassroots participation in the political process. The renaming served to unite the people under a common identity and inspired numerous social movements throughout the region, resonating with other African nations seeking to redefine themselves in the post-colonial context.