The Battle of Baton Rouge occurred during the early stages of the American Civil War, reflecting the ongoing struggle for control over the Mississippi River, a crucial transportation and supply route. Baton Rouge, as the capital of Louisiana, held significant strategic importance, making it a target for Confederate forces seeking to bolster their control in the region. Confederate General John C. Breckinridge commanded the attacking troops, aiming to seize the city from Union forces who occupied it.

On August 5, 1862, Confederate forces advanced towards Baton Rouge, ready to engage the Union defenders. However, the Union Navy played a critical role in the defense of the city. Armed with several gunboats, Union forces inflicted substantial fire on the Confederate troops as they approached. The gunboats, equipped with artillery, provided overwhelming support that helped repel the Confederate assault. The battle highlighted the effectiveness of naval artillery in land engagements and underscored the evolving nature of warfare during the Civil War.

As a result of the battle, the Confederate forces were driven back, unable to take control of Baton Rouge. This skirmish was part of the larger campaign for control of the Mississippi River and showcased the crucial interplay between land and naval operations. The Union's ability to maintain control over Baton Rouge would prove vital in their efforts to secure the river and disrupt Confederate supply lines in the West.