The Persian Constitutional Revolution began in the early 20th century, fueled by rising nationalist sentiments and demands for modernization in Iran. Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, under pressure from a coalition of intellectuals, merchants, and civic activists, realized that his continued authoritarian rule was increasingly untenable amidst the growing unrest. On 8/5/1906, he made a significant concession by agreeing to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, which would limit his powers and create a legislative body to represent the people.

Prior to this transformation, Persian society was marked by widespread corruption and an absolute monarchy that stifled political and social progress. The burgeoning demand for constitutional governance reflected a desire for increased civic rights and a political system that allowed for accountability. The revolutionaries called for a Parliament, known as the Majlis, where elected representatives would be able to debate and pass legislation that better reflected the will of the Iranian people. This momentous shift in governance was not entirely smooth; it prompted further debates, uprisings, and negotiations over the extent of the powers granted to both the monarchy and the Parliament.

The initial agreement by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah to endorse a constitution was seen as a remarkable achievement for reformists. Over the next few years, this led to the drafting and eventual adoption of the first constitution of Iran, which was a pivotal moment in the country's journey towards modernity. It also set a precedent for subsequent political movements throughout the region, as other nations observed Iran's struggles for reform and parliamentary governance.