The execution of thirteen female members of the Unified Socialist Youth, known as 'Las Trece Rosas,' took place in Madrid during the early years of Francisco Franco's authoritarian regime. The victims were part of a broader network of young political activists who had fought against fascism during the Spanish Civil War. With the war concluded and Franco's forces in control, the regime initiated a campaign to eradicate any potential resistance from those who had opposed it. This included not only political leaders but also grassroots activists, worsening the climate of fear throughout Spain.

Among the executed were figures such as Carmen Rivas and Gloria Lasso, both prominent members of the Socialist Youth. They were arrested in the aftermath of the conflict, accused of continuing political activism, and condemned to death for their beliefs and actions. Their trial was swift and lacked due process, reflecting the repressive tactics the regime employed against perceived threats. On the night of the executions, the women maintained a stance of dignity and bravery, singing and chanting slogans of resistance.

The event is often cited as a poignant symbol of the struggles faced by women in the political sphere during this turbulent period. The legacy of 'Las Trece Rosas' has endured, serving to inspire later generations of activists. Their stories have been preserved in various cultural works, ensuring that their sacrifices are not forgotten. The brutal reality of their execution illustrates the lengths to which the Franco regime would go to suppress dissent, leaving a lasting scar on Spanish society.