In 1173, the construction of the campanile of the Cathedral of Pisa commenced, marking the inception of what would later become known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Located in the Piazza dei Miracoli, the initiative aimed to create a stunning bell tower that would enhance the grandeur of the adjacent cathedral. Designed in the Romanesque style by an unknown architect, the tower was initially constructed to stand straight and serve its intended function as a bell tower. However, shortly after the first few stories were completed, it began to lean due to unstable foundation soil comprised of a mix of clay, sand, and shells beneath the structure. The plight of the campanile’s tilt prompted an array of construction delays and alterations, as architects and builders grappled with how to resolve the issue without compromising the aesthetic integrity of this significant project. Throughout the decades, various design features were introduced to address the leaning, including the addition of an arcaded façade that helped distribute weight evenly. The construction endured obstacles, including political turmoil and changes in architectural leadership, which contributed to the elongated timeline of nearly two centuries for completion. The tower was ultimately finished in the late 14th century, securing its legacy as not only a bell tower but also a marvel of medieval architecture that would draw the attention of innumerable visitors worldwide.The Leaning Tower of Pisa, standing at approximately 56 meters, features eight stories, including the chamber that houses the seven bells. Its scientific significance has been cemented through various studies on its notorious lean and structural integrity as well. The tower’s construction represented the artistic and engineering talent of the time and served as an embodiment of the cultural and historical aspirations of the Italian city during the Middle Ages, reflecting the era's architectural advancements.