The Treaty of Fort Jackson was a pivotal agreement that emerged from the conflicts known as the Creek War, part of the larger American Indian Wars. Following a series of military confrontations, General Andrew Jackson and his forces defeated the Red Stick faction of the Creek Nation, who had been resisting encroachments on their territory by American settlers. The treaty was signed on August 9, 1814, in the aftermath of Jackson's victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March of that year. The Creek were forced to surrender approximately 23 million acres of land, which encompassed significant portions of present-day Alabama and Georgia.

The treaty negotiations took place at Fort Jackson, located in central Alabama, where representatives of the Creek Nation faced the pressures of both military defeat and political expediency. As a result of this agreement, the Creek Nation experienced a substantial reduction of their lands, fundamentally altering their culture and society. The ceding of this territory significantly opened up the region to white settlement and agriculture, laying the groundwork for future expansion and conflict in the Southeastern United States.

In addition to the immediate territorial losses, the Treaty of Fort Jackson marked a turning point for the Creek Nation and other Native American peoples in the southeast, showcasing the intensifying conflicts between indigenous communities and American expansionism. The treaty exemplified the military and political strategies employed by the United States during this period, allowing for the expansion of American dominance over Native lands. Such treaties often led to further displacement and marginalization of Native American tribes in the years to come.