The first International Congress of Mathematicians was convened in Zürich, Switzerland, marking a pivotal moment in the professionalization and globalization of mathematics. Organized by prominent mathematicians such as Henri Poincaré and David Hilbert, the congress attracted over 200 participants from dozens of countries, exemplifying a growing recognition of the importance of mathematical discourse across borders. Key discussions included the foundational issues in mathematics, the development of geometry, and the role of mathematical rigor in the face of emerging theories.

The event was held over a week, featuring lectures and discussions that allowed mathematicians to present their work and exchange ideas in a formal setting. This marked a shift in how mathematical research was shared; it was no longer confined to journals or isolated institutions. The congress generated enthusiasm for collaborative research and set a precedent for future gatherings that would continuously shape the discipline of mathematics.

Notable presentations included discussions on non-Euclidean geometry, complex analysis, and mathematical education. The congress also highlighted the need for establishing standards and uniformity in mathematical communication, which would later influence the establishment of international mathematical organizations. Through fostering dialogue and networking opportunities, the congress laid the groundwork for ongoing international collaboration in mathematics, paving the way for future congresses that would continue to contribute to the global mathematical community.