Upon the death of King Louis XIV, who ruled France for 72 years, the young Louis XV, only five years old, found himself thrust into the role of monarch. With the absence of a capable heir due to Louis XIV's long reign, the responsibility of governance fell to a regency. This regency was mainly in the hands of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who was appointed as regent until the young king could assume full authority. This transitional phase was crucial for the young king’s upbringing and the political landscape of France in the early 18th century.

Louis XV's ascension marked a significant shift from the absolutist policies of his great-grandfather to a more complex system of governance that would involve the interests of various factions within the French nobility and the Parliament of Paris. During his childhood, Louis was educated under strict supervision, learning about the responsibilities of kingship but remaining largely a pawn in the political games of the regents.

The era of Louis XV would see numerous challenges, including financial crises and rising tensions that eventually led to revolution. Louis grew into his role amid growing discontent and criticism from both the nobility and the common populace. His later reign would bring about significant events, including the Seven Years' War, which profoundly affected France's global standing and economy. The early years of his kingship, though marked by regency, set the tone for his eventual rule and the philosophies that would govern France in the 18th century.