The Great Kantō earthquake was one of the deadliest natural disasters in Japan's history, occurring due to the complex tectonic activities in the region. Measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale, the earthquake struck around noon time, creating an immediate and catastrophic impact on Tokyo and Yokohama. The earthquake caused widespread structural damage as buildings, many of which were constructed from wood and other combustible materials, buckled and collapsed under the seismic forces. Fire subsequently broke out across the regions, ravaging what remained of infrastructure and housing. With firefighting efforts hampered by ruptured water mains and the overwhelming scope of devastation, whole blocks were reduced to ashes.Beyond the physical destruction, the earthquake had a profound psychological influence on a nation still recovering from the upheaval of the Meiji Restoration. The aftermath saw a massive migration of survivors from urban areas to rural fields, signaling a demographic shift in Japanese society. This disaster prompted significant changes in urban planning, building codes, and emergency response protocols. Recommendations emerged advocating for earthquake-resistant construction and more effective disaster readiness strategies.The Japanese government and local organizations engaged in extensive relief efforts, but these were complicated by social tensions and xenophobia, as scapegoating emerged against Korean residents amid the chaos. These social dynamics played a significant role in shaping public discourse and national identity in subsequent years.