The first synod of Pope Urban II took place in Melfi, a significant event gathering notable ecclesiastical figures, including seventy bishops and twelve abbots. This synod was instrumental in shaping church policy during a tumultuous period of the Middle Ages, as the Catholic Church sought to assert its authority and address internal disputes. One primary goal of the synod was to establish clearer church laws and standards that would be adhered to by the clergy across various regions, ensuring uniformity in practice and doctrine.

Additionally, the synod addressed the complexities of the relationship between the Latin Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, particularly concerning theological differences and ecclesiastical governance. This dialogue was essential in attempting to bridge the growing divide between the two branches of Christianity, which had significant ramifications for future interactions and potential conflicts.

The works and decrees issued during the synod laid the groundwork for future church policies under Urban II's papacy. It reflected an increasing centralization of authority in the papacy during a period marked by political fragmentation and regional power struggles throughout Europe. By focusing on both internal church governance and external relations with the Greek Church, Pope Urban II aimed to create a more unified Christian front.