In the mid-19th century, the political landscape of Argentina was marked by intense conflicts among rival factions vying for control and governance. The State of Buenos Aires, under pressure from political rivalries and dissatisfaction with the federal government, ultimately made the bold decision to declare itself an independent republic. This declaration was the culmination of longstanding tensions that had escalated over time, where Buenos Aires sought greater autonomy and recognition of its local governance over the central authority in Buenos Aires City.

The leaders of the Buenos Aires province mobilized support from various sectors of society, insinuating discontent with the current governance structure that marginalized provincial interests. This independence was declared despite the ongoing struggles with the larger Argentine Confederation and its implications for political stability. The leaders of the movement believed that a republic formed around Buenos Aires could better address local issues and create a stable environment for its citizens, resulting in separate national policies and governance.

The independence of Buenos Aires sparked a series of conflicts known as the Argentine Civil Wars, which would continue for several years. It would reshape the political landscape of Argentina, prompting reactions from other provinces that either supported or opposed the separation. Buenos Aires' assertion of independence intensified the debates surrounding federalism versus provincial autonomy, ultimately contributing to the future formation of a more unified Argentine state.