The Battle of Vienna was a significant clash during the Austro-Ottoman War, reflecting the intense struggle between the Christian and Islamic powers in Europe during the Late 17th century. By 1683, the Ottoman Empire had been expanding into Central Europe, posing a formidable threat to the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy. The siege of Vienna began in July of that year, with the Ottomans, commanded by Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa, encircling the city and cutting off supplies and reinforcements. The situation became desperate for the city’s defenders, who were led by the Austrian military leader, Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg.In response to the siege, a call for help was sent out across Europe. The rallying cry was answered by various kingdoms, most notably the Kingdom of Poland under King Jan III Sobieski. On September 12, Sobieski, leading a coalition army composed of Poles, Germans, and Austrians, launched a surprise attack on the Ottoman forces. The battle was notable not only for its scale but also for the effective use of cavalry and strategic tactics by the allied commanders. The overwhelming assault led to a devastating defeat for the Ottoman troops, which resulted in their retreat and the eventual lifting of the siege of Vienna.