Southern Rhodesia, now known as Zimbabwe, was annexed by the United Kingdom following a referendum conducted among the white settler population that favored British control over the region. The British South Africa Company, founded by Cecil Rhodes, had previously governed Southern Rhodesia under a charter granted by the British government. However, growing instability and dissatisfaction prompted a reevaluation of the governance structure. The referendum, held in September 1923, resulted in the decision to formally annex the territory, which had previously been administered as a chartered company. This decision answered calls for a more structured colonial governance and was indicative of broader trends in British imperial policy during the early 20th century.

The annexation aimed to bring about a more organized government and foster economic development within the region. The resonance of British influence was substantial in shaping the sociopolitical landscape of Southern Rhodesia. The United Kingdom aimed to plant more direct colonial governance, which intended to cultivate prosperity and stability in the region. This development set the stage for future political dynamics, particularly concerning land ownership and the role of indigenous populations, culminating in increased tensions in the years to come as different racial groups vied for power and privilege in the territory.

The decision to annex Southern Rhodesia had lasting effects on the management of the territory, leading to significant changes in governance and policy that would shape the future of Zimbabwe. Throughout the following decades, the repercussions of this annexation played a critical role in the struggles for independence and self-governance that would entangle the region in conflict up to the latter half of the 20th century.