The military coup in Turkey was initiated on September 12, 1980, as General Kenan Evren and other military leaders executed a plan to restore order amid escalating political violence and social unrest. The backdrop included years of factional strife between leftist and rightist groups, which had led to high-profile assassinations, street battles, and a precarious economic situation. The nation experienced a rapid unraveling of law and order, prompting military leaders to intervene, claiming they were acting to safeguard the country from chaos.

General Kenan Evren's coup was executed systematically, with military units deployed across key cities, including Ankara and Istanbul, effectively paralyzing government functions. Evren assumed the role of the head of state and announced martial law. The coup leaders closed down political parties, arrested thousands, and imposed severe restrictions on civil liberties. The military justified its actions by emphasizing the need to protect the nation against rising violence and internal instability.

By establishing a National Security Council, the military implemented a series of reforms aimed at restructuring Turkey's political landscape. The coup led to a new constitution in 1982, which increased military influence in governance but also introduced elements aimed at ensuring stability and legitimacy. The long-term repercussions of the coup continued to affect Turkey's political evolution, leading to a complicated relationship between military and civilian rule.