The premiere of Beethoven's 'Mass in C major, Op. 86' took place in Vienna, a vibrant musical hub of Europe in the early 19th century. Commissioned by Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy, for the liturgical needs of his court, the composition was intended to establish Beethoven’s reputation as a composer of sacred music. Despite the anticipation surrounding the event, the performance did not live up to the prince's lofty expectations. The Mass was simpler and somewhat less grand than the princely court desired, which led to dissatisfaction from Prince Esterházy. Beethoven's struggles to balance personal artistic vision with the demands of his patrons were evident in this work.

The premiere featured a choral ensemble along with a small orchestra, a common practice at the time. However, the music itself consisted of beautiful melodies and intricate harmonies, demonstrating Beethoven's mastery of choral composition. The text, which follows the traditional structure of the Mass Ordinary, was set to music that reflected both joy and solemnity, characteristic of Beethoven's style. Although the initial reception was lukewarm at best, the Mass would later be recognized as an important part of Beethoven’s oeuvre.

Despite the initial disappointing reaction, 'Mass in C major' would evolve in significance, influencing the development of choral music in Europe. Beethoven's struggle with the expectation of grandeur for a sacred composition highlighted the tension between artistic integrity and patron demands during this period. Over time, the Mass has gained appreciation for its melodic beauty and structural clarity.