Phineas Gage was a railroad construction foreman largely known for an accident that took place near Cavendish, Vermont, when an iron rod was accidentally driven through his skull on September 13, 1848. The rod, which was 1+1⁄4 inches in diameter and 43 inches long, penetrated his frontal lobes, causing a severe injury. Gage was working on a railroad construction site when he was preparing a blast by packing explosive powder into a hole, and while tamping the explosive, he inadvertently struck the powder, sending the rod flying. The accident was shocking as Gage was able to walk away from the site with the help of his crew, and he was transported to a local doctor, who treated him. He did not lose consciousness initially and was reported to be coherent, demonstrating his astounding resilience.However, the most compelling aspect of Gage's story came after his recovery. While physically healed, his personality changed drastically. Gage, who had previously been responsible, socially adept, and pleasant, became impulsive, irresponsible, and unable to hold conversations. His friends and employers noted the shift, leading to questions about the implications of brain injuries, particularly how they could affect personality and behavior. Medical professionals and scientists studied Gage's case extensively, marking it as a pivotal moment in the understanding of the brain's role in personality. His skull and the iron rod are now on display at the Warren Anatomical Museum at Harvard Medical School, serving as key pieces of evidence in neurology and psychology studies.Gage's extraordinary experience contributed to the advancement of neurological science, particularly in the area of the frontal lobes. Physicians and psychologists began to realize the link between brain functions and personality traits, paving the way for future research into the brain's anatomy and its effects on behavioral changes. The case of Phineas Gage continues to be a benchmark in neuroscience, giving invaluable insights into brain injuries and their potential effects on human behavior.