The military coup led by Miguel Primo de Rivera in Spain occurred amid widespread disillusionment with the existing liberal government, which had failed to effectively address multiple crises, including political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest. As Spain dealt with the aftermath of World War I and the conflicts arising from its own political parties, the public sentiment shifted toward anticipating strong leadership. On this day, Primo de Rivera, seizing the moment, utilized his position as a general in the Spanish army to stage a well-organized coup d'état against the then-reigning monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

Following the coup, Primo de Rivera implemented a military dictatorship, declaring martial law and dissolving parliament. His regime focused on military and nationalist ideals, aiming to curtail regional autonomy, notably in Catalonia and the Basque Country. The dictatorship sought economic stability through various projects, infrastructure improvements, and the promotion of national industries. However, despite initially gaining some support for his policies, the regime faced growing opposition and dissatisfaction as the authoritarian nature of governance stifled freedoms and dissenting voices, leading to further unrest and increasing fractures within Spanish society.

Primo de Rivera's rule lasted until 1930, when mounting pressures from both military and civilian sectors culminated in his resignation. His appointed interim government was temporary and met with similar challenges. The societal impacts of his dictatorship laid the groundwork for later political movements, including the rise of the Second Spanish Republic, a turbulent period that would ultimately lead to the Spanish Civil War. This era significantly influenced Spain’s political landscape and shaped future generations' perspectives on governance, democracy, and civil rights.