In September, the French army, often referred to as the Grande Armée, under the command of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte advanced into the heart of Russia, culminating in the capture of Moscow, one of their principal objectives. After a lengthy and grueling campaign marked by significant battles, including the pivotal fight at Borodino, the French forces found Moscow largely deserted as Russian troops tactically retreated. This retreat was part of a scorched earth strategy employed by the Russians, aimed at denying the French army access to supplies and shelter as winter approached.

Upon entering Moscow, the French troops discovered a city under threat from flames. As the Russian army vacated the city, they ignited a fire that ravaged numerous structures. The inferno quickly spread, fueled by the wooden buildings that characterized much of Moscow. The fire wreaked havoc for several days, leading to substantial loss of property and resources vital for the French army's continuation of their campaign. With winter looming and supplies dwindling, the situation grew dire for Napoleon's forces, who had anticipated a quick victory but now faced unprecedented challenges.

Ultimately, the fire became a symbolic element of Russian resistance, showcasing the resilience of the Russian spirit in the face of occupation. As the flames consumed the city, they marked not just a physical destruction but a pivotal turning point in the Napoleonic Wars, foreshadowing the struggles faced by the Grande Armée in the coming months as harsh winter conditions and a lack of local support eroded their strength. The loss of Moscow would haunt Napoleon's campaign and set the stage for the eventual retreat and the downfall of his empire.