The Treaty of Adrianople was a pivotal agreement that concluded the Russo-Turkish War, which had begun in 1828. The war stemmed from the aspirations of the Russian Empire to expand its territories and influence in the Balkan region, particularly as it sought to protect Orthodox Christians under Ottoman rule. The conflict saw significant military engagements and strategic victories by Russian forces. Following a series of successful campaigns, the Treaty was negotiated in the Bulgarian city of Adrianople, in present-day Edirne, Turkey. The agreement was signed by representatives of the Ottoman Empire and Russia, bringing an end to hostilities.

Significantly, the treaty resulted in territorial concessions by the Ottomans, including the loss of regions in modern-day Romania, certain territories along the Black Sea, and recognition of Russian authority over parts of the Balkans. Furthermore, the agreement marked the rise of nationalism in the region, as it laid the groundwork for the future autonomy of various ethnic groups under Ottoman rule. This was critical, as the waning power of the Ottomans became increasingly evident during the 19th century.

The Treaty of Adrianople became a symbol of the shifting balance of power in Eastern Europe and the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, which faced internal strife and external pressures. It set a precedent for subsequent diplomatic negotiations and conflicts involving the Ottomans and European powers. This marked a significant reshaping of the political landscape in the Balkans and influenced future relations between the Empires in the region, as it exemplified the complexities of nationalism and imperialism during this era.