The referendum on joining the European Union took place in Estonia, where citizens were given the opportunity to express their support for EU membership. The campaign leading up to the referendum featured debates on the economic and social benefits of joining the EU, with heavy emphasis on democratic values and improved international standing. Public figures and advocacy groups rallied across the country, emphasizing that EU membership would enhance Estonia's political and economic security. The results revealed strong public support, particularly among younger voters who were optimistic about the future of their country within the framework of a united Europe.

Estonia had been an independent nation briefly after the end of World War I, regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, and had pursued a path towards European integration ever since. The endorsement of EU membership was seen as a culmination of this journey, representing not only economic interests but also a political realignment away from post-Soviet influences. With the EU’s promise of economic development, increased investment, and cohesion with Western Europe, Estonia sought to solidify its position amidst the shifting geopolitical landscape.

The successful vote was a turning point for Estonia, leading to its official accession to the EU in 2004 alongside nine other Eastern and Central European nations. This marked a significant shift in the political and economic landscape of the region. The integration into the EU framework provided new opportunities for trade, investment, and the strengthening of democratic institutions, fostering a sense of belonging in the wider European community.