The New Youth magazine was established by Chen Duxiu in Shanghai with the mission to inspire a cultural renaissance in China. At a time when the country was grappling with the consequences of the fall of the Qing Dynasty and the emergence of new ideas surrounding modernization, Duxiu sought to challenge traditional Confucian values that had dominated Chinese society for centuries. The magazine quickly gained traction among young intellectuals, serving as a forum for discussing radical ideas about democracy, science, and individual rights. Through New Youth, Duxiu introduced modern literary styles and encouraged contributions from a diverse range of voices, including women and radical thinkers. The publication's strong critique of old customs resonated with a burgeoning sense of national identity – moving away from a feudal past toward a modern future.

As a key player in the New Culture Movement, Duxiu utilized New Youth to catalyze social reform and intellectual engagement among China's youth. The magazine not only published essays and articles advocating for new philosophies but also featured translations of Western literary works, exposing its readers to global ideas and encouraging a questioning attitude. The evolution of New Youth was crucial in shaping a generation that would rally for more extensive reforms and eventually inspire movements that sought to challenge the status quo, including the May Fourth Movement. This established a legacy that would influence subsequent generations, marking a pivotal shift in China's cultural and political landscape.