In the context of increasing military pressures during World War II, the Soviet State Committee of Defense recognized the need to enhance its military capabilities. On September 17, a decree was issued declaring the reinstatement of compulsory military training for Soviet citizens. This measure reflected the escalating urgency for preparedness against external threats, particularly following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union earlier that summer. The decree called for men of various ages to undergo military training, transforming part of the civilian workforce into military reservists. Training camps were established, and educational programs focused on military tactics and skills were implemented across the nation.

The decision to reinstate compulsory military training was significant. It was not only a practical response to wartime needs but also a psychological maneuver intended to reinforce the populace's commitment to national defense efforts. Civilians were given the opportunity to engage directly with military service, embodying the Soviet spirit of resilience. The move also reflected the broader patterns of mobilization that many countries were experiencing during the global conflict. The resulting military orientation of society had a lasting effect on the Soviet Union, influencing post-war military policies and shaping civilian perceptions of military service.

As the war progressed, those who underwent training became crucial as the Soviet military expanded in size and capability. The mobilization efforts were part of a larger framework to transform Soviet society into a war-ready state, preparing for extensive confrontations on the Eastern Front. The decree and its subsequent implementation showcased the Soviet government’s commitment to harness all available resources—including human capital—for the war effort.