The Siege of Paris began as the Prussian army effectively surrounded the city during the Franco-Prussian War, which had erupted earlier that year in July. The war stemmed from escalating tensions between the French Empire under Napoleon III and the German states led by Prussia, particularly due to rising nationalism and territorial disputes. The Prussian military strategy depended on rapid mobilization and the use of railways, allowing them to quickly reinforce their positions. By September 1870, following a series of quick and decisive battles, the Prussians had encircled Paris, initiating the siege. The city's defenses, though robust, faced significant challenges as supply lines were cut, leading to shortages of food and medical supplies, compounding the civilian plight.As the siege progressed into the fall and winter months, the French government declared a state of emergency, implementing rationing and encouraging civilian resilience. Life in the city became increasingly desperate, with reports of food shortages leading to the consumption of animals and, in some extreme cases, even cannibalism. The perseverance of the Parisian populace and military forces against the relentless Prussian bombardment became synonymous with the struggle for French national pride. After several attempts to break the siege through relief efforts failed, the city's defenders ultimately had to capitulate due to the overwhelming odds stacked against them. The siege lasted until late January 1871, marking a crucial defeat for France and altering the balance of power in Europe significantly.