After the tragic assassination of President James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as the 21st President of the United States. Garfield, who had been shot by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881, died on September 19, 1881, from complications related to his injuries, including infections and medical negligence. Arthur, who had served as Vice President under Garfield, took the oath of office at his home in New York City, as the nation mourned the loss of Garfield. This unexpected ascension came at a time when the Republican Party was deeply divided between the Stalwarts, who were loyal to the previous administration's patronage system, and the reform-minded Half-Breeds, who sought to curb political corruption and promote civil service reform.Arthur's presidency began with him facing immense pressure to uphold Garfield's vision for reform, while also catering to the demands of the Stalwarts, who expected a continuation of their privileges. In his inaugural address, Arthur promised to support civil service reform initiatives, signaling a willingness to work towards a more merit-based system of government appointments. His administration would later make strides with the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in 1883, establishing a merit-based system for federal positions and reducing the power of patronage in political appointments.Arthur's presidency is often viewed as a bridge between the political interests of the past and the reforms that would characterize future administrations. His initial reluctance to tackle these issues evolved as he recognized the importance of a more efficient and equitable government. To navigate the challenges that lay ahead, Arthur focused on legislative efforts, emphasizing the need for integrity and competence in government.