In the late 19th century, Sudan was embroiled in conflict following the Mahdist Revolt, which aimed to oust British-Egyptian authority from the region. The British, eager to reassert their dominance in Sudan, launched a campaign under the command of General Horatio Kitchener. A key objective was the occupation of Dongola, strategically positioned along the Nile River and serving as a vital supply and communications center. This operation was part of the larger reconquest of Sudan, targeting territories that had been lost to the Mahdist forces in previous years.

Kitchener's forces, composed of British troops and Egyptian contingents, implemented a strategy that leveraged both artillery strength and the mobility of their forces. By securing Dongola, Kitchener solidified British control over the Nile Valley, gaining a critical foothold for further operations against the Mahdist forces. The capture of the town not only involved military action but also demonstrated Kitchener's adept logistical planning and his ability to adapt to the challenging environment.

Following the seizure of Dongola, British forces continued their advance into Sudan, ultimately leading to the decisive Battle of Omdurman in 1898. The successful conquest reinforced Britain’s colonial ambitions and highlighted the importance of Sudan in the context of British imperial strategy. The victory at Dongola was widely reported in Britain and celebrated as a significant military achievement, enhancing Kitchener's reputation as a military leader.