François Duvalier, affectionately called 'Papa Doc', was elected president of Haiti amid a turbulent political climate marked by dissatisfaction with previous regimes. The election occurred after a period of instability and growing public demand for reform. Duvalier, a trained physician, leveraged his medical background and charismatic presence to connect with voters, presenting himself as a candidate of change. His campaign focused on social issues, public health, and improving the living conditions of Haitians, gaining him significant support from the electorate.

Once elected, Duvalier quickly consolidated power and established a dictatorship that lasted nearly 30 years. He implemented a series of populist programs aimed at improving public health and education, but these were often overshadowed by his oppressive methods and the use of state-sponsored terror. The infamous Tonton Macoute, a paramilitary group, was established under his rule, enforcing his policies and targeting political dissenters.

Duvalier's presidency is characterized by a mix of radical social initiatives and severe human rights abuses, making his administration both transformative and controversial. His rule significantly impacted Haiti's political landscape and left a lasting legacy that is still debated today.