Notable Historical Dates On This Day September 23rd

From world-changing moments to lesser-known milestones, history is happening all around us—every single day. Explore the key events that shaped the world on this very date, and uncover the fascinating stories that connect the past to today.

Politics & Government

Drusilla Deified by Emperor Caligula

September 23rd, 38 1986 years ago

Drusilla, the sister of Emperor Caligula, was deified following her death in June. Caligula, known for his controversial reign and behaviors, is rumored to have had an incestuous relationship with Drusilla, which added to the scandalous narratives surrounding the imperial family. Her deification was part of the broader imperial cult practices in Rome, where deceased emperors and their relatives were venerated. This event underscored the intertwining of politics, family dynamics, and religion in the Roman Empire, highlighting Caligula's legacy and its complexities.

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Politics & Government

Pope Callixtus II and Henry V's Concordat Agreement

September 23rd, 1122 902 years ago

Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V reached an agreement known as the Concordat of Worms to resolve the Investiture Controversy. This significant accord delineated the roles of church and state in the appointment of bishops. It aimed to end years of conflict over the control of ecclesiastical appointments, providing a framework that established a balance between spiritual and temporal powers in Europe. The agreement helped restore stability in the Church and reduced tensions in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Military & Warfare

French Victory at the Battle of Arnemuiden

September 23rd, 1338 686 years ago

In a significant naval engagement, a French fleet decisively defeated an English force near Arnemuiden. This battle, notable for being the first naval confrontation of the Hundred Years' War, was also remarkable for the use of gunpowder artillery on ships. The clash set a precedent for naval warfare and marked the evolving technologies of the period, reflecting the intense naval competition in the English Channel.

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Military & Warfare

Mongols Secure Victory at Kherlen River

September 23rd, 1409 615 years ago

The Battle of Kherlen marked a decisive encounter between the Mongols and the Ming dynasty, showcasing Mongol military prowess and resilience. The battle took place along the Kherlen River, where Mongol forces, led by their commanders, faced an invading Ming army attempting to reclaim territories lost to the Mongols. This confrontation was characterized by swift cavalry maneuvers and tactical ingenuity, ultimately leading to a significant Mongolian victory. The triumph underscored the ongoing struggle for dominance in East Asia and the Mongols' ability to challenge the Ming dynasty effectively.

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Military & Warfare

Yorkists Secure Victory at Blore Heath

September 23rd, 1459 565 years ago

The Battle of Blore Heath marked a significant conflict in the early stages of the Wars of the Roses, occurring in Staffordshire, England. The Yorkists, led by Richard of York and his supporters, clashed with the Lancastrian forces commanded by Lord Audley. This battle was pivotal as it showcased the emerging power struggle for the English crown. Notably, the Yorkist forces employed tactical advantages such as the terrain and archers, leading to a decisive victory that strengthened their position in the ongoing conflict.

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Politics & Government

King Philip II Halts Florida Colonization Efforts

September 23rd, 1561 463 years ago

King Philip II of Spain issued a cedula halting colonization efforts in Florida, reflecting Spain's cautious approach towards its territories in the New World. This decision was driven by various factors including resource challenges, conflicts with indigenous populations, and competing colonial interests from other European powers, notably France and England. The cedula emphasized the need for strategic focus on existing settlements rather than the establishment of new ones.

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Military & Warfare

Royalist Victory at Powick Bridge Engagement

September 23rd, 1642 382 years ago

The Battle of Powick Bridge marked the first direct confrontation between the Royalist and Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil War. The battle took place in Worcestershire, England, where royalist troops led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine faced off against parliamentarian forces under the command of Colonel John Brown. Royalist forces emerged victorious after a surprise attack. This skirmish set the tone for the escalating conflict that was to engulf England.

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Military & Warfare

John Paul Jones Wins at Flamborough Head

September 23rd, 1779 245 years ago

John Paul Jones, aboard the USS Bonhomme Richard, engaged the British frigate HMS Serapis in a fierce naval battle off the coast of Flamborough Head. Despite facing a more powerful opponent, Jones's tactical prowess and fierce determination led to a historic victory. The battle showcased Jones's leadership and significant contributions to the American naval efforts during the Revolutionary War, and it became a symbol of American resilience at sea.

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Military & Warfare

Decisive Battle of Assaye Between British and Marathas

September 23rd, 1803 221 years ago

The Battle of Assaye was fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in western India. Commanded by Major-General Arthur Wellesley, the British forces faced a much larger Maratha army led by the leaders of the Maratha Confederacy. The battle was marked by fierce fighting, with Wellesley's strategic use of artillery proving crucial. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the British forces emerged victorious, solidifying British power in India and contributing to subsequent conflicts with the Maratha Empire.

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Military & Warfare

Greek Rebels Capture Tripolitsa

September 23rd, 1821 203 years ago

Tripolitsa in the Peloponnese was captured by Greek rebels during the fight for independence from Ottoman rule. The siege lasted several weeks, culminating in a successful assault that resulted in the city's fortifications being breached. This victory was critical for the Greek rebels, as Tripolitsa served as a stronghold for Ottoman forces in the region.

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Space Exploration

Discovery of Neptune by Key Astronomers

September 23rd, 1846 178 years ago

Astronomers Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams, and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborated to confirm the existence of Neptune, using mathematical predictions based on observed irregularities in Uranus's orbit. On this day, Galle successfully located the planet with a telescope at the Berlin Observatory, solidifying their calculations and advancing the field of astronomy significantly.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Grito de Lares: Puerto Rican Revolt Against Spain

September 23rd, 1868 156 years ago

The Grito de Lares was a significant revolt in Puerto Rico aimed at ending Spanish colonial rule. Led by figures like Ramón Emeterio Betances and José de la Cruz, this uprising occurred in the town of Lares. The insurgents proclaimed a short-lived republic and sought to gain independence. Although it was suppressed swiftly by Spanish forces, the Grito de Lares marked a pivotal moment in Puerto Rican nationalism and the struggle for self-determination, inspiring future movements against colonial authority.

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Arts & Culture

Formation of The Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society

September 23rd, 1879 145 years ago

The Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society was founded with the aim to promote the cultural and linguistic interests of the Romanian population in Macedonia. Established in Bucharest, the society played a critical role in fostering a sense of national identity among Romanians living in regions under Ottoman control. This initiative was part of broader efforts during the 19th century to reclaim and preserve Romanian heritage abroad, particularly in areas experiencing significant geopolitical changes.

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Exploration & Discovery

Discovery of Gold Sparks Tierra del Fuego Rush

September 23rd, 1884 140 years ago

The steamship Arctique ran aground near Cape Virgenes, leading to a significant discovery of placer gold in the region. This incident set off a gold rush, attracting fortune-seekers and prospectors to Tierra del Fuego. The unexpected grounding of the vessel brought attention to the area's rich mineral resources, marking the beginning of a frantic search for gold. Miners flooded into the area, eager to stake their claims and seek their fortunes in the newfound goldfields of South America.

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Military & Warfare

American Asiatic Squadron Engages Filipino Battery

September 23rd, 1899 125 years ago

The American Asiatic Squadron engaged a Filipino coastal battery at Olongapo, strategically aiming to suppress local revolutionary forces. This confrontation highlighted the ongoing tensions in the Philippines following the Spanish-American War, where the U.S. sought control over the archipelago. The engagement led to significant damage to the Filipino defenses, showcasing the military capabilities of the American fleet and their resolve in the region. The battle was part of a broader effort by U.S. forces to maintain order and establish dominance in the newly acquired territories.

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Politics & Government

Karlstad Treaty Ends Norway-Sweden Union

September 23rd, 1905 119 years ago

The Karlstad Treaty was signed to peacefully dissolve the political union between Norway and Sweden, an arrangement that had existed since 1814. Negotiated in the town of Karlstad, the treaty aimed at resolving tensions that had arisen due to Norway's desire for greater autonomy. The discussions involved key representatives from both nations and emphasized a mutual agreement to part ways amicably, establishing separate national identities while maintaining friendly relations.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Coal Strike Leads to Colorado Coalfield War

September 23rd, 1913 111 years ago

The United Mine Workers of America initiated a strike in September 1913, demanding better working conditions and wages for coal miners in Colorado. This action spurred significant conflict between miners and mining companies, eventually escalating into the Colorado Coalfield War. The strike began primarily due to miners' grievances about low pay, long hours, and unsafe working conditions. Violence erupted as the miners’ frustration grew over the companies' refusal to negotiate, leading to a series of violent confrontations in the region.

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Military & Warfare

Battle of Haifa in World War I

September 23rd, 1918 106 years ago

The Battle of Haifa was a significant military engagement during World War I, where British forces, including the Australian Light Horse, launched a surprise attack on the Ottoman positions. Occurring in present-day Israel, this battle aimed to seize the strategic port city of Haifa. The forces were under the command of General Edmund Allenby, who sought to disrupt the Ottoman supply lines and secure the area as part of the larger campaign in the Middle East. The battle showcased the effectiveness of mounted troops in modern warfare.

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Natural Disasters

Hurricane Displaces Thousands and Causes Damage

September 23rd, 1920 104 years ago

A hurricane originally formed in Louisiana dissipated over Kansas, leading to the evacuation of about 4,500 residents. The storm, which caused around $1.45 million in damages, demonstrated the unpredictable path of tropical storms and their impacts on inland areas. The unusual trajectory caught many by surprise as communities prepared for severe weather.

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Politics & Government

Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

September 23rd, 1932 92 years ago

Crown Prince Faisal, on behalf of Ibn Saud, announced the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This proclamation marked the unification of various regions in the Arabian Peninsula into a single nation-state, predominantly shaped by the leadership of Ibn Saud. The event took place in the capital of Riyadh, where flags were raised, and celebrations marked the occasion, symbolizing national unity and independence.

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Military & Warfare

U.S. Marines Launch Matanikau River Assault

September 23rd, 1942 82 years ago

U.S. Marines launched an offensive against Japanese units stationed along the Matanikau River during the Guadalcanal Campaign. The Marines aimed to dislodge entrenched Japanese forces and secure their positions, with intense fighting expected in the dense jungle terrain. The operation was part of a broader effort to take control of Guadalcanal, which held strategic significance for both sides.

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Natural Disasters

Deadly Earthquake Strikes South Khorasan, Iran

September 23rd, 1947 77 years ago

A magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck South Khorasan, Iran, resulting in significant destruction and leading to the loss of over 500 lives. The quake caused widespread damage to homes and infrastructure in the region. Rescue efforts were challenged by aftershocks and the remote location. Many survivors were left without shelter, food, and medical care as humanitarian organizations mobilized to provide aid in the aftermath of the disaster.

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Military & Warfare

First US Friendly-Fire Incident in Korean War

September 23rd, 1950 74 years ago

During the Korean War, on September 23, 1950, US forces mistakenly attacked British troops at Hill 282, resulting in casualties. This incident marked a significant moment as it was the first instance of friendly fire involving British personnel since World War II. The mistake occurred during an assault to secure positions against advancing North Korean forces. The lack of effective communication and coordination between allied forces contributed to this tragic error.

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Health & Medicine

George VI Undergoes Lung Surgery for Tumor

September 23rd, 1951 73 years ago

George VI, the king of the United Kingdom, underwent surgery to remove his left lung after being diagnosed with a malignant tumor. The operation was performed at His Majesty's hospital following a series of health complications he had been experiencing. This significant surgical intervention was necessitated by the serious nature of his illness, with doctors aiming to prolong his life and manage the cancerous growth. The procedure sparked considerable media attention and public concern for the king's health.

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Politics & Government

Nixon's Checkers Speech Defends Vice Presidency Bid

September 23rd, 1952 72 years ago

Senator Richard Nixon delivered his famous 'Checkers speech' to address accusations of financial impropriety while campaigning for the Vice Presidency. The broadcast, which reached millions via television and radio, allowed Nixon to effectively defend his integrity by detailing his finances and the gifts he received. Notably, he highlighted a single gift, his family's beloved dog Checkers, to connect emotionally with the audience. This speech played a crucial role in retaining his position as the Republican candidate for Vice President.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

All-White Jury Acquits Emmett Till's Killers

September 23rd, 1955 69 years ago

Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam were acquitted by an all-white jury in Mississippi for the kidnapping and murder of 14-year-old Emmett Till. Till, a black boy from Chicago, was brutally beaten and killed after allegedly whistling at Carolyn Bryant, Roy's wife. The trial, which gained national attention, showcased deep racial divisions and injustice within the legal system of the South.

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Natural Disasters

Hurricane Flossy Strikes Gulf Coast

September 23rd, 1956 68 years ago

After forming in the eastern Pacific, a tropical storm intensified and was named Hurricane Flossy just hours before it made landfall. The hurricane hit the Gulf Coast, causing significant destruction that resulted in 15 fatalities and approximately USD$24.8 million in damages, affecting communities along the coast.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Eisenhower Orders Troops for School Integration

September 23rd, 1957 67 years ago

In response to violent opposition to school integration in Little Rock, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne Division to support the enrollment of African American students at Little Rock Central High School. He also federalized the Arkansas National Guard to maintain order and enforce the Supreme Court's ruling on desegregation. This decisive action underscored the federal government's commitment to uphold civil rights during a time of heightened racial tensions in the South.

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Politics & Government

Kennedy Nominates Thurgood Marshall to Court

September 23rd, 1961 63 years ago

John F. Kennedy nominated Thurgood Marshall, a prominent African American civil rights lawyer, to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Marshall's nomination was a significant step towards representation in the judiciary for African Americans. However, his confirmation faced delays due to opposition from pro-segregation Southern senators, highlighting the racial divides present in American society during the early 1960s.

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Accidents & Tragedies

Ditched Super Constellation in Atlantic Ocean

September 23rd, 1962 62 years ago

Flying Tiger Line Flight 923, operated by a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation, ditched into the Atlantic Ocean during a flight. Of the 76 occupants on board, 28 tragically lost their lives while 48 were rescued after enduring six hours at sea. The incident highlighted issues related to aviation safety and emergency responses over water.

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Natural Disasters

Typhoon Wilda Strikes Japan's Coast

September 23rd, 1964 60 years ago

Typhoon Wilda made landfall in Japan, resulting in widespread devastation. It caused at least 30 fatalities and led to the sinking of 64 ships along its path. The storm's destructive winds and heavy rainfall affected numerous coastal communities, leading to significant damage to infrastructure. Rescue efforts were hampered by the storm's aftermath, complicating recovery for those impacted. The Japanese government mobilized emergency resources to assist affected regions and ensure safety.

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Accidents & Tragedies

Squall Capsizes Boats on Lake Michigan

September 23rd, 1967 57 years ago

A sudden squall struck Lake Michigan during the inaugural coho salmon sport fishing season, leading to serious accidents involving boats. Seven individuals lost their lives, while 46 others sustained injuries as more than 150 boats capsized under the tumultuous conditions. Fishermen, who had gathered for the fishing season, were caught off guard by the violent winds and waves, causing chaos on the water.

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Politics & Government

Juan Perón's Resurgence to Power in Argentina

September 23rd, 1973 51 years ago

Juan Perón returned to the presidency of Argentina after a long political exile. Following his victory in the 1973 elections, he triumphed as the candidate of the Justicialist Party, marking his return after 18 years away from power. The election took place amid a backdrop of political instability and social unrest, with various factions vying for influence in the country. Perón's charisma and historical legacy as a transformational leader rallied significant popular support, leading to his victory at the polls and re-establishing his influence in Argentine politics.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Gulf Air Flight 771 Bombed in Mid-Air

September 23rd, 1983 41 years ago

Gulf Air Flight 771 was destroyed by a bomb while flying over the Persian Gulf, resulting in the deaths of all 112 individuals on board. The aircraft was en route from Bahrain to Karachi when the explosion occurred. Investigations revealed that the bombing was orchestrated by political tensions in the region, likely involving militant groups. This tragic event highlighted security vulnerabilities within airlines operating in conflict-prone countries.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Qantas Flight 1 Runway Overrun in Bangkok

September 23rd, 1999 25 years ago

Qantas Flight 1 encountered severe weather while landing in Bangkok, resulting in the aircraft overrunning the runway. The Boeing 747-400 skidded off the wet runway and came to rest on soft ground. Fortunately, minor injuries were reported among passengers and crew, and all were safely evacuated. The incident raised concerns over weather conditions and aircraft safety protocols.

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Natural Disasters

Catastrophic Flooding and Mudslides in Haiti

September 23rd, 2004 20 years ago

Hurricane Jeanne caused unprecedented devastation in Haiti, resulting in over 3,000 fatalities due to massive flooding and mudslides. The storm struck late September, leading to severe rainfall that overwhelmed local infrastructure. The areas most affected included the Artibonite Valley and the town of Gonaïves, leaving thousands displaced and large portions of the population in dire need of relief and recovery efforts.

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Crime & Law

Matti Saari's deadly school shooting in Finland

September 23rd, 2008 16 years ago

Matti Saari opened fire at a vocational school in Kauhajoki, Finland, claiming ten lives before taking his own life. The shooting began in the school's cafeteria, where Saari, armed with a handgun, indiscriminately shot students and staff. Saari had previously shown signs of distress and had made threats, leading to a police investigation prior to the incident. The tragic event highlighted issues surrounding mental health and gun regulation in Finland.

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Crime & Law

Teresa Lewis Executed in Virginia

September 23rd, 2010 14 years ago

Teresa Lewis was executed by lethal injection for her involvement in the 2002 murder of her husband and stepson. In a historic moment, she became the first woman executed in Virginia since 1912. Lewis's case attracted significant media attention and controversy, particularly about the death penalty and her mental competency. Despite appeals for clemency, Lewis faced execution, highlighting the complexities surrounding capital punishment in the United States.

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Natural Disasters

Typhoon Usagi Affects Hong Kong and Southern China

September 23rd, 2013 11 years ago

Typhoon Usagi made landfall in Hong Kong and southern China, resulting in substantial damage and the loss of 25 lives. With high winds and torrential rains, the storm caused severe flooding and extensive property damage. Thousands of people were evacuated as homes and infrastructure were compromised, particularly in coastal areas. Hong Kong experienced disruptions in transportation and numerous flight cancellations as officials prepared for the impact of the storm. Recovery efforts began promptly after the storm passed.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Violent Rioting in Papua and West Papua

September 23rd, 2019 5 years ago

In Papua and West Papua, rioting erupted over an alleged racist incident against a group of students. This sparked outrage among local communities, leading to violent protests that resulted in the death of twenty individuals within a day. The protests began in response to perceived discrimination and injustice, reflecting longstanding tensions in the region where issues of racism and discrimination are contentious. The unrest was marked by clashes between protestors and security forces, highlighting the deep-seated social grievances and calls for justice among the Papuan population.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Kentucky grand jury declines to indict police officers

September 23rd, 2020 4 years ago

A grand jury in Kentucky decided not to indict three police officers involved in the shooting death of Breonna Taylor during a botched drug raid. This decision sparked a wave of protests across the United States, as demonstrators called for justice for Taylor and demanded police reform. The announcement about the grand jury's decision led to renewed national conversations about racial inequality and police violence, especially in contexts affecting Black individuals. Her death and the grand jury's ruling became pivotal moments in a larger social movement advocating for systemic change within law enforcement.

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Politics & Government

Voting Begins in Sham Referendums in Ukraine

September 23rd, 2022 2 years ago

Voting commenced in Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine, including Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia, as part of referendums aimed at annexing these territories to Russia. The five-day voting process was widely criticized by the international community as illegitimate and coercive, with observers claiming the votes were not conducted under fair conditions. Amid ongoing conflict in Ukraine, Russia sought to solidify its claim over these regions through the controversial plebiscites, prompting widespread outcry and condemnation from Ukraine and its allies.

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Military & Warfare

Israel's Airstrikes Target Hezbollah in Lebanon

September 23rd, 2024 0 years ago

Israel conducted significant airstrikes against Hezbollah positions in Lebanon, resulting in the deaths of more than 490 people. The strikes aimed to neutralize perceived threats from Hezbollah amidst ongoing tensions in the region. Israel justified the action as a defensive measure following recent attacks attributed to the militant group.

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