The return of Juan Perón to the presidency of Argentina marked a significant moment in the country’s political history. After being ousted from power in 1955, Perón had lived in exile for nearly two decades. Following a period of political turmoil characterized by coups and military interventions, Argentina underwent various shifts in governance that culminated in the 1973 general elections. The elections were conducted under a climate of heightened expectations among Perón's supporters, emphasizing social reforms and economic stability.

Perón, representing the Justicialist Party, was positioned as a unifying figure following years of division. His campaign was primarily concentrated on appealing to the working class, which had long been integral to his political identity. As the election approached, competition intensified among various political actors, including leftist groups and right-wing factions. Ultimately, the urgency among the public for stability and national identity played a pivotal role in Perón's success, as he promised an agenda that resonated with the populace.

His return came with a mix of anticipation and apprehension. Many anticipated the revival of his previous policies, while others feared the potential for increased authoritarianism. Upon taking office, Perón faced the challenge of managing diverse social interests amidst a polarized political landscape. His administration would soon confront not only economic difficulties but also the competing claims of revolutionary movements, reflecting a complex national dialogue around governance in the ensuing years.