The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) was founded in response to the increasing need for a united front among Muslim-majority nations. The signing of the charter took place in Rabat, Morocco, where representatives from 24 countries gathered to formalize their commitment to fostering solidarity and cooperation across various sectors. This initiative arose in the wake of international incidents that threatened Islamic unity, particularly the arson attack on the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, a significant religious site for Muslims worldwide. The incident stirred a deep concern among Muslim leaders about the security and political status of Muslims in conflict zones and led to discussions on how to better coordinate their efforts in international affairs.

At the conference, delegates discussed various initiatives that could enhance cooperation among member states, covering areas such as political dialogue, economic collaboration, and cultural exchanges. The charter outlined the principles guiding the OIC's actions, with a focus on mutual respect for sovereignty, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of social and economic development in member countries. The establishment of the OIC not only represented a crucial step in Islamic diplomacy but also provided a framework for Muslim countries to collaborate on issues of mutual concern effectively.

Over time, the OIC's focus has expanded to encompass a wider range of issues, including humanitarian assistance, education, and combating extremism. The charter's signing marked a pivotal moment in Muslim diplomacy, representing an effort to unify the diverse perspectives of Muslim nations under a common mission. This collaborative spirit sought to strengthen the voice of Islamic nations on the global stage and promote collective action for addressing political, social, and economic challenges prevalent in the post-colonial landscape of the 20th century.