The Society of Jesus, commonly referred to as the Jesuits, was founded in 1534 by a group of seven men led by Ignatius of Loyola. This religious order sought to play a central role in the Catholic Counter-Reformation, focusing on education, missionary activities, and the defense of the faith. After years of development and activities that included spiritual exercises and establishing communities, the group sought formal recognition from the papacy. The charter granted by Pope Paul III on September 27, 1540, officially recognized the Jesuits as a religious order and established their mission and governance. The document outlined their commitment to education, evangelization, and service to the Church, allowing the order to operate independently under papal authority.

Following their official recognition, the Jesuits rapidly expanded across Europe, establishing schools, colleges, and missions that significantly shaped the religious landscape. They effectively integrated learning with spirituality, emphasizing a philosophical and theological framework that appealed broadly across social classes. Their influence extended to the Americas, Asia, and Africa as they embarked on missionary journeys, adapting to and embracing local cultures while spreading Catholic teachings. This adaptability made them an effective force on the global stage, as they also engaged in intellectual discussions and contributed significantly to science, arts, and culture.

The Jesuits became heavily involved in the political affairs of the regions in which they operated, advising kings, engaging in diplomatic efforts, and often being viewed as a stabilizing force in the tumultuous religious landscape of the time. Through education and engagement, they inspired many, including future leaders. The order faced challenges and pushback at various points, especially during the Enlightenment and subsequent secular movements, yet continued to thrive in various contexts, evolving in response to new challenges and ideas.