The Siege of Candia, which began in 1648, was one of the longest sieges in history, fundamentally altering the control of Crete. The conflict arose due to the expansionist policies of the Ottoman Empire, aiming to consolidate its hold over Crete, which had been under Venetian control. Throughout the siege, the defenders, primarily comprised of Venetian soldiers and local populations, faced relentless attacks from Ottoman forces. These forces, numbering over 100,000 at some points, sought to capture the well-fortified city, which was regarded as crucial for maritime dominance in the region.

As years passed, although initially resilient, the Venetians gradually succumbed to the effects of prolonged warfare, including famine, disease, and a diminishing supply of reinforcements. The leadership under Francesco Morosini and others displayed great tenacity; however, internal divisions and the unwavering Ottoman pressure ultimately wore them down. The final act of surrender came after extensive negotiations, marking the collapse of Venetian defenses. Candia’s fall resulted in the Ottomans gaining complete control of Crete, prompting a change in the island's administration and cultural affiliations.

The surrender on September 27 was not only a conclusion to decades of conflict but also a shift in the demographic landscape, as many Venetian inhabitants fled, while others faced new governance under Ottoman rule. The impact of this change resonated throughout the region, leading to various repercussions in trade, cultural exchanges, and military posturing in the Mediterranean. The strategic importance of Crete remained evident, influencing subsequent military and political actions among European powers and the Ottomans alike.