In September 2020, Azerbaijan initiated a military offensive against the self-styled Republic of Artsakh, located in the contested region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The offensive commenced on September 27, 2020, amidst heightened tensions and long-standing territorial disputes that date back to the early 20th century. After gaining independence from the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, the primarily ethnic Armenian population of Artsakh had sought to break away from Azerbaijani control, leading to a violent conflict that ended in a fragile ceasefire in 1994. The resurgence of fighting in 2020 can be attributed to increasing nationalist sentiments in Azerbaijan, military advancements, and perceived geopolitical support from Turkey.As the conflict began, Azerbaijan claimed it was responding to Armenian shelling and launched a series of coordinated attacks utilizing modern military technology, including drones and artillery. Armenian forces, equipped with older Soviet-era weapons, struggled to defend the region. The offensive led to significant territorial gains for Azerbaijan, capturing strategic towns and lands within and around the disputed region. Throughout the fighting, both sides experienced significant casualties, resulting in considerable international concern and calls for renewed diplomatic efforts. The conflict drew attention from global powers, with implications for stability in the South Caucasus region. Media reports highlighted the staggering humanitarian impact, including civilian casualties and the displacement of thousands of people, intensifying the crises surrounding ethnic identity and national sovereignty in the area.