The newly crafted United States Constitution emerged from the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. Representatives from twelve states convened to address the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation, which had long been criticized for its weaknesses in enforcing federal authority and managing interstate commerce. After extensive debates and compromises, including the Great Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise, the delegates produced a document establishing a stronger federal government with distinct branches and powers. On September 28, the Congress of the Confederation convened to consider the work of the delegates. Following deliberations, Congress voted to send the proposed Constitution to the individual state legislatures for ratification, a significant step toward its adoption. The resolution required nine out of thirteen states' approval for the Constitution to take effect. This move set the stage for vigorous public and political debates across the states, with both Federalists, who supported the Constitution, and Anti-Federalists, who opposed it, rallying grassroots support.