Duke Wenceslaus I, a significant figure in early Bohemian history, was known for his efforts to Christianize Bohemia and strengthen its ties with other Christian states in Europe. His rule was marked by both encouragement of Christianity and tensions with the pagan nobility, leading to resentment. Among the nobility was his brother, Boleslaus I, who opposed Wenceslaus's approach and sought greater power within the realm.

In the lead-up to the assassination, internal disputes among the nobility escalated, primarily focused on Wenceslaus's policies, which were seen as favoring the Church over traditional pagan beliefs. A group of discontented nobles, loyal to Boleslaus, devised a plan to eliminate Wenceslaus. They ambushed him in the vicinity of Stara Boleslav, where he was killed in a brutal act that would leave a significant impact on Bohemian politics.

Following the murder, Boleslaus I took over the dukedom, marking a pivotal shift in the leadership and policies of Bohemia. His reign was characterized by aggressive consolidation of power and policies that leaned more towards pagan traditions, contrasting with his brother's Christian inclinations. The consequences of this act would resonate throughout the region, shaping the future of Bohemia and its relationship with both Christianity and its pagan roots.