The cantata 'Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir, BWV 130' was composed by Johann Sebastian Bach for the Feast of the Archangel Michael, a significant Christian celebration dedicated to the archangel who is often portrayed as a protector against evil. The text of the cantata draws from Paul Eber's hymn, which is structured in twelve stanzas, reflecting themes of divine praise and the struggle against sin. The performance took place in St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, where Bach was employed as the cantor and where he frequently directed performances of his works. This cantata stands out for its grand choral elements and the combination of voices and instruments, a hallmark of Bach's compositional style.

The composition is characterized by its careful orchestration, which includes a mix of strings, woodwinds, and vocal forces, enhancing the hymn's solemn yet triumphant spirit. The music expertly mirrors the text's praise of God while invoking the archangel's protective qualities, an essential aspect of the feast. The work illustrates the integration of Lutheran musical traditions with the broader baroque style, showcasing Bach's ability to elevate sacred text through rich musical expression. This premiere would have had significant communal and spiritual resonance for the congregation of Leipzig, underscoring Bach's role in shaping worship through music.

The importance of this premiere extends beyond its immediate performance; it exemplifies the fusion of liturgical purpose and artistic endeavor that defines Bach’s work. His cantatas served both to enrich the ecclesiastical life of the community and to solidify his reputation as one of the leading composers of his time. By creating music that not only served the liturgy but also invited active participation from the congregation, Bach solidified his legacy within the context of early 18th-century sacred music.