The coup d'état that occurred in Haiti saw the overthrow of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a figure who had been in office for only a few months after his election in 1990. Aristide’s presidency was marked by significant social and economic reforms aimed at alleviating the poverty and inequality that plagued the nation. However, his efforts faced strong opposition from the military, political elites, and business sectors that felt threatened by his populist policies. On September 29, 1991, the military took advantage of the precarious political situation, launching a coup that removed Aristide from power and established a de facto military government led by Lieutenant General Raoul Cédras.

The coup was characterized by significant violence, with numerous reports of human rights abuses, disappearances, and killings perpetrated by the military against supporters of Aristide. The United States and other nations condemned the coup, leading to sanctions and diplomatic isolation of Haiti. Aristide’s overthrow marked a turning point in Haitian politics, as it deepened divisions within the country and set a precedent for military intervention when faced with perceived threats to the status quo. The coup catalyzed a wave of international activism both for and against Aristide, with many advocating for the restoration of democratic governance.

Following the coup, the atmosphere in Haiti was one of fear and repression. Opposition groups and political dissenters faced severe persecution, driving many into exile. International organizations, including the Organization of American States and the United Nations, sought to mediate the crisis but struggled to make significant headway. It wasn't until 1994, after years of international pressure and a United States-led military intervention, that Aristide was restored to power, underscoring the coup's legacy of instability and conflict that would haunt Haiti for years to come.