The Siege of the British Residency in Kabul occurred when Afghan forces besieged the British Residency on the orders of Afghan leader Sher Ali Khan. British envoy Sir Louis Cavagnari, responsible for negotiating terms of peace following the Second Anglo-Afghan War, found himself and his small contingent trapped. The Residency, housing British personnel and their followers, came under heavy assault. After enduring constant gunfire and multiple assaults, the defenders, consisting of 72 men of the Guides and local forces, demonstrated remarkable courage under dire circumstances. Despite their heroism, the outnumbered and outgunned forces were overwhelmed, leading to the tragic killing of Cavagnari and his men. The subsequent massacre resonated throughout the British Empire, reflecting the intense military and diplomatic struggles in Afghanistan during this tumultuous period.The broader context of the Siege lies in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, which stemmed from British imperial ambitions in South Asia and concerns over Russian expansion in Central Asia. Relations between the British and Afghan rulers fluctuated, leading to conflicts that often resulted from misunderstandings and failed negotiations. The occupation of Afghanistan and the subsequent Siege foregrounded the complexities of British foreign policy in the region and the challenges of maintaining control. The incident galvanized public sentiment back in England, shaping opinions on military engagements in foreign lands and leading to calls for reassessment of imperial strategies.