The Munich Agreement represented a pivotal moment in 20th-century European diplomacy. The agreement was made to resolve the escalating tensions surrounding the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia predominantly inhabited by ethnic Germans. Volatile political climates and the rise of Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime heightened fears of a larger conflict in Europe. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, French Premier Édouard Daladier, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, and Hitler himself convened to negotiate terms that favored Nazi Germany's expansionist goals. The two-day conference concluded with the agreement that allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland, a region that contributed significantly to Czechoslovakia's economy.Czechoslovakia's leaders, including President Edvard Beneš, were not invited to the negotiations and faced the reality of having to accept the decision made by the major powers. This exclusion highlighted a lack of respect for Czechoslovak sovereignty and foreshadowed subsequent territorial losses. The aftermath of the Munich Agreement saw the rapid deterioration of Czechoslovak national security and global stability, as Hitler quickly moved to occupy the remaining parts of Czechoslovakia just months later, in March 1939. The Munich Agreement was initially praised by some as a peacekeeping triumph, but it ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II less than a year later, signaling the ineffectiveness of appeasement policies in dealing with aggressive totalitarian regimes.