Władysław Sikorski, a prominent Polish general and politician, became the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile on September 30, 1939, shortly after the start of World War II and the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union. With the fall of Warsaw imminent and the Polish state effectively dismantled, the exiled leadership sought to maintain a semblance of governance and military organization outside of their occupied homeland. Sikorski's appointment represented a pivotal moment in Polish politics as he aimed to unite various factions of the diaspora and maintain Polish sovereignty in the face of overwhelming adversity.

The Polish government-in-exile first convened in Paris, where Sikorski quickly established ties with key Allied nations, actively promoting the Polish cause and seeking military aid. Under his leadership, the Polish armed forces were reorganized, and Sikorski became a key figure in political negotiations with Western powers. His ability to unify the Polish diaspora and articulate the nation's plight was notable during a time of disarray. Sikorski’s leadership extended beyond military concerns; he also aimed to preserve Polish culture and identity amid the chaos of war.

Sikorski's tenure as Prime Minister faced numerous challenges, including internal political disputes and the constant threat of Axis advances. Nonetheless, he worked tirelessly to ensure that the Polish narrative remained present in international discussions. His government sought recognition from the Allied powers while navigating the complex political landscape of wartime Europe, which included the eventual establishment of Polish military units that would serve in various Allied campaigns. Throughout the war, Sikorski remained a staunch advocate for Polish independence and survivor rights, forging essential alliances that would influence post-war Poland’s future.