The counteroffensive by German forces against the Nijmegen salient began shortly after the Allies had established a presence in the area during Operation Market Garden. Conducted in September 1944, Operation Market Garden aimed to secure a series of bridges in the Netherlands, allowing the Allies to advance into Germany. The capture of Nijmegen was integral to this plan, providing a foothold for further operations in Arnhem and beyond.

In response to the Allied gains, German High Command recognized the necessity of regaining lost territory. The counteroffensive at Nijmegen was characterized by intense artillery bombardments, combined assaults from infantry divisions, and the use of armored units to penetrate the Allied defensive positions. Both sides experienced significant challenges; the Allies struggled with supply and communication issues which hindered their ability to respond swiftly to the German attacks. Meanwhile, German forces faced increasing pressure from Allied air supremacy that sought to disrupt their troop movements and resupply efforts.

As the skirmishes escalated, the high stakes of the Nijmegen salient became apparent. The outcome of this counteroffensive profoundly affected the latter stages of the campaign, emphasizing the fierce resistance the Germans were capable of despite the trajectory of the war appearing unfavorable for them at this juncture. Ultimately, the engagements around Nijmegen served to prolong the fierce fighting in the region and test the resolve of Allied forces as they sought to push into the heart of Europe.