The Coup of 18 Fructidor was a decisive moment in post-revolutionary France, occurring in response to electoral results that were viewed as advantageous to royalist interests. The Directory, France's governing body at the time, became alarmed by the victories of royalist candidates in the elections of 1797, fearing a loss of power and a potential revival of monarchical rule. In a preemptive move, the Directory, supported by military forces, including General Lazare Hoche, enacted the coup on September 4, 1797.

The coup unfolded swiftly, with military troops surrounding the legislature in Paris and arresting key royalist figures. This decisive action was aimed at neutralizing the perceived threat posed by royalist sympathizers within the government. The legislators were coerced into abandoning their posts, and the Directory instated a new regime that favored the revolution's ideals over conservative restoration. This shift underscored the growing tension between radical revolutionaries and royalists, setting a precedent for future conflicts within France.

Following the coup, the Directory undertook measures to consolidate its power, heavily censoring royalist views and manipulating the political landscape to prevent future electoral challenges. The outcome was a wave of repressive actions against royalists and other foes, tightening the Directory's grip on French politics. This political realignment strengthened the control of the Directory, though it also bred discontent and instability that would ultimately contribute to its downfall in the years to come.