The Great Fire of London originated in a modest bakery on Pudding Lane, owned by Thomas Farriner, in the early hours of September 2, 1666. The fire ignited during the night and quickly spread through the dry, wooden buildings that characterized much of medieval London. The narrow streets and strong winds conspired to engulf a vast area in flames, leading to widespread panic among residents. Initial attempts to quench the fire were hampered by a lack of sufficient firefighting resources. Instead of taking proactive measures to demolish buildings in the fire's path, city officials ordered that houses be spared, which unfortunately allowed the flames to consume even more structures.While the flames ravaged the city for several days, they were not entirely unchecked, with several courageous firefighters and volunteers making efforts to steer the inferno away from critical locations. By the time the fire was contained, approximately 10,000 buildings were in ruins—including the beloved Old St Paul’s Cathedral—transforming the skyline of London irreparably. Despite the destruction, a release of personal effects was more common than loss of life; only six documented fatalities were recorded. The event left many homeless and led to significant changes in building codes and the future design of London, including the introduction of wider streets and fire-resistant materials.Following the disaster, King Charles II played a significant role in the reconstruction efforts. Prominent architect Sir Christopher Wren was tasked with designing the new St Paul's Cathedral, which would become a defining symbol of the city. The Great Fire of London consequently paved the way for urban planning reforms, including policies aimed at preventing similar catastrophes, thereby instigating a focused approach to urban resilience in future city planning.