The National Socialist Movement of Chile, an organized fascist group with ties to Nazi ideology, posed a growing threat to the Chilean government in the 1930s. As global fascist sentiments surged, the movement sought to exert its influence domestically. In September 1938, a faction of young militants attempted a coup, aiming to overthrow the existing government led by President Arturo Alessandri. Their plan quickly unraveled, culminating in the surrender of these youth after encountering significant resistance from security forces. Captured and brought to trial, the young coup plotters faced severe repercussions for their actions. The Chilean government, keen on demonstrating its resolve against fascism, executed the group despite calls for clemency. This decisive action sent a clear message regarding the government's intolerance of extremist ideologies and any attempts to subvert democratic governance.

The execution was emblematic of broader societal struggles between leftist and nationalist movements in South America, particularly during a time when fascism was on the rise in Europe. It created a profound impact on the political landscape of Chile, galvanizing both supporters and opponents of the government. Additionally, it contributed to the disillusionment among fascist sympathizers, ultimately influencing the trajectory of nationalist movements within the country.