The capture of Fort Wagner marked a pivotal moment for Union forces during the Civil War, emblematic of their broader strategy to gain control over key Confederate strongholds. Union troops under the command of Major General Quincy A. Gillmore had laid siege to the fort for seven weeks in an effort to prevent Confederate access to the port of Charleston, South Carolina. Fort Wagner was a critical defensive position for the Confederates, providing protection against naval assaults and controlling the surrounding seas.

The siege began after an unsuccessful frontal assault on Fort Wagner in July. Union forces bombarded the fort with heavy artillery, causing significant damage. Concurrently, they attempted to cut off supplies and reinforcements to the Confederate garrison. The fort's defenders, primarily composed of South Carolina troops, endured intense bombardment, which eventually weakened their resolve and capability to hold the position. The union's persistent pressure ultimately influenced the outcome, leading to an organized attack where troops swiftly overcame the Confederate defenses.

By capturing Fort Wagner, the Union not only secured a strategic advantage but also set the stage for subsequent military operations in the Charleston area. The successful siege demonstrated the effectiveness of combined arms tactics involving infantry, artillery, and naval support, reflecting the evolving nature of warfare during the Civil War. It also underscored the importance of morale and resilience among Union forces, especially following their earlier setbacks. Overall, the victory at Fort Wagner contributed significantly to Union efforts in the southern theatre during the war.