The Battle of Orsha was a critical engagement in the early 16th century, featuring the forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland fighting against the Russian army. The backdrop of this battle was the broader struggle for regional dominance, following the expansionist policies of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In preparation for the battle, both sides assembled large forces, with the Lithuanian-Polish army being commanded by the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Konstanty Ostrogski, who was known for his tactical acumen and leadership skills.

The battle occurred near Orsha, a strategically important area that provided control over routes crucial for trade and military movement. The Lithuanian-Polish forces opted for a surprise attack, leveraging their cavalry's speed and maneuverability. Despite being outnumbered, the Lithuanians and Poles executed a remarkably coordinated assault that disrupted the Russian formations. The decisive cavalry charges were instrumental in breaking the Russian lines, leading to a significant rout of the opposing forces.

Following the victory at Orsha, the Lithuanian-Polish alliance gained considerable prestige and influence in the region, while the defeat shattered Russian confidence and temporarily halted their expansionist efforts. The battle solidified the military reputation of Ostrogski and highlighted the capabilities of the Lithuanian and Polish armies in the face of adversity.