The Calabria earthquake was one of the most powerful seismic events to affect southern Italy in the early 20th century. Occurring with a measured magnitude of 7.2 Mw, the earthquake's intensity reached a maximum of XI on the Mercalli Intensity Scale, indicating extreme damage and destruction. The epicenter was near the coastal region of Calabria, which is known for its seismic activity due to the complex tectonic settings in Italy. Historically, this area had experienced numerous earthquakes, but the 1905 event was particularly devastating due to its intensity and the resultant destruction of local infrastructure. Many buildings were not constructed with earthquake resistance in mind, which exacerbated the impact of this disaster.The force of the tremor was felt far beyond the immediate vicinity of the epicenter, with reports of shaking felt as far away as Sicily. In the aftermath, rescue and recovery operations began swiftly but faced challenges due to the extent of the damage. Many towns were left in ruins, with key structures, including homes, schools, and places of worship, reduced to rubble. The community faced not only the loss of life but also the destruction of its cultural heritage. The earthquake highlighted the urgent need for improved building standards and emergency preparedness in Italy, particularly in regions susceptible to seismic activity.In the broader context, Italy was undergoing significant changes at the time, transitioning from a primarily agrarian society to one that was more industrialized. This earthquake came as a wake-up call, drawing attention to urban planning and the importance of disaster risk management. The legacy of this earthquake would influence future policies regarding construction and emergency services in the country, shaping approaches to disaster management that are still relevant today.