The arrival of potato blight, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, was first documented in Ireland in September 1845. This plant disease led to rapid decay in potato plants, which were a dietary staple for a majority of the Irish population, particularly among the poor. The initial reports indicated a decline in crop yields in the southern regions of Ireland, particularly in counties such as Cork and Kerry. Farmers were bewildered as their previously healthy crops turned black, wilted, and rotted in the fields, leading to immediate concern about the impending harvest and its ramifications.

As the blight continued to spread across the country, predictions of poor yields turned into a harsh reality. By the 1845 harvest season, it became evident that a substantial portion of the potato crop had been destroyed, resulting in severe food shortages. The reliance on potatoes amongst the Irish populace meant that the implications of this crop failure extended far beyond the agricultural sector, leading to widespread hunger and malnutrition among the rural poor who depended on potatoes as their primary food source.

The consequences of the potato blight were compounded by the socio-political context of Ireland at the time. The British government, involved in the governance of Ireland, faced criticism for its inadequate response to the evolving crisis. As poverty deepened, public discontent grew, setting the stage for socio-political upheaval in subsequent years. The blight marked the beginning of a devastating period known as the Great Famine, which would last until 1852 and would lead to significant loss of life, mass emigration, and lasting social change.