Francisco Franco
Spanish General and Dictator
Born in 1892, a Spanish military leader rose through the ranks during the Spanish Civil War. He led Nationalist forces to victory, becoming head of state and implementing a totalitarian regime. Franco ruled Spain for nearly four decades, establishing policies centered on conservative Catholic values and nationalism. His government faced significant opposition, resulting in various political repression and censorship. Following World War II, the regime gradually transitioned toward more moderate policies but maintained an authoritarian structure until Franco's death in 1975. The legacy of his rule continues to influence Spanish society and politics.
Led Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War
Ruled Spain as a dictator for nearly 40 years
Implemented a totalitarian regime
Other People Born on December 4th
Albert Bandura
Psychologist and social learning theorist
Born
December 4th, 1925 100 years ago
Died
2021 5 years ago — 96 years old
A Canadian-American psychologist and academic, contributors to social cognitive theory and observational learning. Developed the concept of self-efficacy, which addresses the belief in one's abilities. Conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment, demonstrating that children learn behavior through observation. Held positions at Stanford University, providing insights into human behavior across various domains including education, health, and aggression.
Continue ReadingMorris Alexander
South African politician and lawyer
Born
December 4th, 1877 148 years ago
Died
January 24th, 1946 80 years ago — 68 years old
A prominent South African politician and lawyer, Alexander played a significant role in the political landscape during the early 20th century. He served as a member of the South African Parliament and was known for his advocacy on behalf of the rights of the Indian community in South Africa. Alexander participated in several legal and political initiatives aimed at addressing social injustices faced by marginalized groups. His contributions to the political discourse of the time highlighted critical issues regarding race relations and civil rights in the country.
Continue ReadingMichael Bates
English actor in television and film
Born
December 4th, 1920 105 years ago
Died
1978 48 years ago — 58 years old
An English actor prominently featured in stage and screen productions, particularly recognized for roles in television series and films. Worked extensively in British television during the 1960s and 1970s. Contributed to the popular series 'It Ain't Half Hot Mum,' portraying the character of 'Bombardier Major Geoffrey 'G' Forrester.' Also appeared in the film 'The Great Escape,' showcasing talent in a notable ensemble cast. In addition to these roles, gained recognition on stage, with performances that highlighted versatility and skill across various types.
Continue ReadingErwin von Witzleben
Field Marshal in the German Army
Born
December 4th, 1881 144 years ago
Died
August 8th, 1944 81 years ago — 62 years old
Field Marshal served in the German Army during both World Wars. Initially appointed to various leadership positions, he rose to prominence during World War II. In 1944, he became involved in a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. Despite his military career and strategic contributions, he faced arrest and execution following the failed assassination attempt. His legacy includes his military tactics and participation in significant historical events.
Continue ReadingDick Ricketts
Baseball and basketball athlete
Born
December 4th, 1933 92 years ago
Died
1988 38 years ago — 55 years old
A prominent athlete, Ricketts played two professional sports: baseball and basketball. In baseball, he played as a pitcher and had a brief stint in Major League Baseball. His professional basketball career included participation in the NBA, where he contributed to his team's performance during the early years of the league. Ricketts' dual-sport career marked him as a versatile athlete, showcasing skills in both baseball and basketball at competitive levels.
Continue ReadingDeanna Durbin
Canadian actress and singer in film musicals
Born
December 4th, 1921 104 years ago
Died
2013 13 years ago — 92 years old
A prominent actress and singer, achieved fame during the 1930s and 1940s primarily through film musicals. Rose to stardom with the role in 'Three Smart Girls'. Her work in films contributed significantly to the popularity of musical cinema. Durbin's exceptional vocal talent and charming screen presence captured the audience's attention in many successful movies. She transitioned into adult roles while continuing to showcase musical abilities, solidifying her status in Hollywood. With a thriving career that consisted of several well-received films, she became one of the highest-paid actresses of her time.
Continue ReadingOther People Who Died on November 20th
William Bliss Baker
American painter with landscape works
Born
November 27th, 1859 166 years ago
Died
November 20th, 1886 139 years ago — 26 years old
An American painter active in the late 19th century, recognized for contributions to landscape painting. His works often depicted serene natural scenes and reflected the influence of the Hudson River School. Baker's time spent in the Adirondacks inspired many of his works, showcasing the beauty of American wilderness. He exhibited extensively, gaining attention in art circles of the time and securing a place in the field of American art.
Continue ReadingJames H. Billington
Librarian of Congress and academic leader
Born
June 1st, 1929 96 years ago
Died
November 20th, 2018 7 years ago — 89 years old
Served as the Thirteenth Librarian of Congress from 1987 to 2015. Played a significant role in modernizing the Library of Congress and advocating for digital access to American history and culture. Oversaw the establishment of various digital initiatives and projects, including the American Memory project, which made historical documents available online. Contributed extensively to academic discourse on American literature and culture through numerous publications.
Continue ReadingKitanoumi Toshimitsu
Japanese sumo wrestler, 55th Yokozuna
Born
May 16th, 1953 72 years ago
Died
November 20th, 2015 10 years ago — 62 years old
Achieved the rank of Yokozuna in 1975. Dominated the sumo scene during the 1970s and 1980s. Retired from active competition in 1985 and later served as a sumo elder. Contributed to the sport's administration and development.
Continue ReadingMelchior de Polignac
French cardinal and poet
Born
October 11th, 1661 364 years ago
Died
November 20th, 1742 283 years ago — 81 years old
Born in 1661, a prominent French cardinal and poet contributed significantly to literature and church affairs. His work 'Anti-Lucretius', a philosophical poem, showcased influences from classical thought and addressed the nature of divine providence. De Polignac played a critical role within the Catholic Church, holding various ecclesiastical positions and advocating for religious and cultural matters during his lifetime. His writings continued to be studied for their poetic beauty and intellectual depth.
Continue ReadingMstislav Dobuzhinsky
Painter and illustrator of Russian scenes
Born
August 14th, 1875 150 years ago
Died
November 20th, 1957 68 years ago — 82 years old
Born in 1875, this artist contributed significantly to the visual arts through painting and illustration. Primarily active in the early 20th century, the work focused on impressions of urban and rural scenes, particularly in Russia and Lithuania. This individual became associated with the Mir Iskusstva (World of Art) movement, which emphasized the importance of fine arts. The engagement with stage design was also notable, providing artistic direction for several theatrical productions. Eventually, circumstances led to emigration, influencing the work's themes and style while in the countries of residence.
Continue ReadingCharles Plumier
French botanist and author of Plant Catalogs
Born
April 20th, 1646 379 years ago
Died
November 20th, 1704 321 years ago — 58 years old
A prominent botanist, contributed significantly to the field of botany in the 17th century. Conducted extensive explorations in the Caribbean, documenting various plant species. Published several works, including 'Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera', which described previously unknown plants. His detailed illustrations and writings greatly advanced botanical knowledge and classification. Developed a systematic approach to the study of plants, influencing future botanical research and exploration.
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