Gertrude B. Elion
American biochemist and Nobel laureate
American biochemist and Nobel laureate
Scientists & Innovators
United States
A prominent biochemist and pharmacologist contributed significantly to the development of drugs that treat various diseases. Collaborated with George H. Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome Laboratories, focusing on creating innovative medications. Elion's research led to the development of the first effective treatments for leukemia and drugs to prevent organ transplantation rejection. Received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988 alongside Hitchings and Sir James W. Black for their discoveries concerning new principles for drug treatment.
Developed the first effective treatments for leukemia
Co-developed azathioprine, the first immunosuppressant drug
Contributed to the creation of acyclovir for herpes treatment
A colonel in the British Army, involvement in World War II included participation in the planning and execution of missions related to the assassination of German officers. Post-war, transitioned into law and entered politics, serving as the Member of Parliament for Abingdon. Played a significant role in the Northern Ireland Office as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, where contributions included addressing issues of national security and the political landscape during a tumultuous time.
Continue ReadingWrote a diary during the Siege of Leningrad, detailing the daily struggles faced by her family and the impact of the war on civilians. This personal account provides insights into the horrors of the siege and the resilience of those who lived through it. The diary was discovered after her death and later published, bringing attention to the human suffering caused by the conflict. The diary became an important historical document reflecting the experiences of children during wartime.
Continue ReadingA prominent leader in the Greek War of Independence, played a crucial role in battles against Ottoman forces. Karaiskakis commanded Greek troops with notable success and became one of the iconic figures of the struggle for Greek freedom. His tactical skills were evident in various key confrontations, particularly in the defense of the city of Athens. He died from wounds sustained in battle during 1827, leaving a lasting legacy in the history of Greece.
Continue ReadingFounded the National Hot Rod Association in 1951, promoting organized drag racing and creating a structured environment for racing enthusiasts. Established rules and safety standards for the sport, which contributed to its growth and popularity. Published a magazine titled Hot Rod, which became influential in the automotive community. Played a significant role in shaping the culture of hot rodding.
Continue ReadingAn American businessman invented the flying disc toy known as the Frisbee in the 1940s. Initially created as a cake pan, it became popular when its design was refined for recreational use. The toy gained widespread popularity in the 1960s, leading to the establishment of the Frisbee brand and various games associated with it. Morrison's invention has become a staple of outdoor play and has inspired numerous competitions and events around the world. The manufacturing and marketing of the Frisbee transformed the toy industry and created a new category of play.
Continue ReadingEstablished a reputation as a skilled racing driver and aviator in the early 20th century. Competed in prestigious events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and secured victory in 1930. Participated in early aviation, known for setting several speed records and pioneering long-distance flights. Contributed to the advancement of aviation through various exploits before tragic death in a flying accident.
Continue ReadingBorn in Finland, a celebrated soldier and pilot gained prominence during World War II. As a fighter pilot in the Finnish Air Force, he achieved exceptional success in aerial combat. Juutilainen participated in the Continuation War against the Soviet Union and earned the title of the highest-scoring ace in Finnish history. His combat career spanned several years, during which he flew numerous missions and demonstrated remarkable skill and bravery. Post-war, he continued to contribute to aviation and served in various military roles.
Continue ReadingCompeted in snowboarding events, showcasing talents in various international competitions. Achieved significant recognition within the snowboarding community. Participated in the Winter X Games and the FIS World Cup events. Contributed to the growth of snowboarding in Australia through competitive achievements and public appearances.
Continue ReadingServed as the 3rd Premier of Tasmania from 1887 until 1888. Political career included leadership roles in the Tasmanian Legislative Council. Played a significant role in shaping early Tasmanian politics and governance.
Continue ReadingA prominent Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as the Archbishop of Paris from 1939 to 1957. Played a significant role in the Second Vatican Council and influenced church policies during the mid-20th century. Appointed a member of the Roman Curia, engaging in various diplomatic missions on behalf of the Vatican. Participated actively in the formulation of modern Catholic practices and outreach, emphasizing dialogue with other faiths and communities.
Continue ReadingLed the Adal Sultanate in military campaigns against the Ethiopian Empire during the 16th century. Engaged in pivotal battles such as the Battle of Lake Tana and the Battle of Marda, contributing to significant territorial changes. Utilized innovative tactics and alliances to expand influence in the region. His campaigns marked a critical point in the history of the Horn of Africa.
Continue ReadingContributions to the field of seismology included significant research on the Earth's interior. Developed the concept of the Lehmann discontinuity, which delineates the boundary between the Earth's crust and the underlying mantle. Conducted pioneering work in seismology, particularly in understanding seismic waves and their behavior. Published influential papers on earthquakes and the Earth's structure, enhancing the scientific understanding of geophysical phenomena.
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